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塑料检查井的应用与施工
塑料检查井的应用与施工
Application and construction of plastic inspection well
检查井是用于雨污水排放管道的附属构筑物，是便于定期检查和疏通管道，防止管道堵塞的必要设施。
The inspection well is an auxiliary structure for the drainage pipeline of rainwater and sewage. It is a necessary facility for regular inspection and dredging of pipelines and prevention of pipeline blockage.
传统砖砌检查井的施工方法是用砖块砌筑井体，然后将管道插入井体并用水泥砂浆填补井管接口处。该工艺落后，施工效率低，连接效果差会导致严重渗漏、泄漏，并违背了标准化原则。
The construction method of traditional brick inspection wells is to block the well body with bricks, then insert the pipe into the well body and fill the interface of the well pipe with cement mortar. The technology is backward, the construction efficiency is low, and the poor connection results will cause serious leakage and leakage, and violates the standardization principle.
一、塑料检查井的适用范围
The scope of application of plastic inspection wells
1、建筑小区（居住区、公共建筑区、厂区等）范围内埋地塑料排水管道外径不大于800mm、埋设深度不大于6m、不下井操作的塑料排水检查井工程的设计、施工和维护保养。
1. The design, construction and maintenance of the plastic drainage pipe in the residential area (residential area, public building area, factory area and so on) is not more than 800mm, the buried depth is not more than 6m, and the plastic drainage inspection project is not under the operation of the well.
2、一般土质、软土土质、季节性冻土土质和湿陷性黄土土质条件下的塑料排水检查井施工。
2. Construction of plastic drainage well for general soil, soft soil, seasonal frozen soil and collapsible loess soil.
3、抗震设防裂度为9度及9度以下的地区。
3. The area with 9 degrees of seismic fortification and below 9 degrees.
4、一般车道的地面荷载按汽车总重15t（后轮压5t）；消防车道的地面荷载按汽车总重30t（后轮压6t）设计。
4, the ground load of general lanes is 15t according to vehicle gross weight (rear wheel pressure 5T); the ground load of fire lane is designed according to vehicle gross weight 30t (rear wheel pressure 6T).
5、地下水位按地面下不高于1.0m设计。
5. The groundwater level is not more than 1.0m under the ground.
二、塑料检查井的组成
Two, the composition of the plastic inspection well
检查井由井座、井筒和井盖及其配件组成。
The inspection well is composed of a well seat, a wellbore and a well cover and its accessories.
1、井座材料一般以聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）等高分子树脂为主；
1. The material of well seat is mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and other polymer resins.
2、井筒一般宜采用成品埋地塑料管材，其管材需符合下列要求：
2. Wellbore generally should be finished with buried plastic pipes, and the pipes should meet the following requirements:
（1）井筒管材的环刚度应大于等于4KN/m2;
(1) the ring stiffness of wellbore pipes should be greater than or equal to 4KN/m2.
（2）井筒材料应符合GB/T 10002.3、GB/T 18477.1、GB/T 19472.2和EN 1398.1(外径系列)标准的要求。
(2) wellbore materials should meet the requirements of GB/T 10002.3, GB/T 18477.1, GB/T 19472.2 and EN 1398.1 (outer diameter series) standards.
3、井盖材料主要以PVC塑料树脂、热塑性树脂（PE、PP、ABS等）和碳酸钙、粉煤灰、矿渣为主要原料，再添加一定的助剂。
3, the main materials are PVC plastic resin, thermoplastic resin (PE, PP, ABS, etc.) and calcium carbonate, fly ash and slag as the main raw materials, and then some additives are added.
三、塑料检查井与传统砖砌井的比较
Three, comparison between plastic inspection well and traditional brick masonry
1、制作工艺
1. Production process
塑料检查井：以高分子树脂为原料，工厂预制生产，一次注塑成型，质量稳定可控。
Plastic inspection well: using polymer resin as raw material, factory precast production, one injection molding, stable and controllable quality.
传统砖砌检查井：以粘土实心砖、水泥、黄砂为材料，现场手工制作。
Traditional brick inspection wells: clay solid bricks, cement, yellow sand as materials, on-site hand-made.
3、节能环保
3, energy saving and environmental protection
塑料检查井：节水、节地、节材、节能，同时废旧材料可循环利用，使用寿命长，至少50年；
Plastic inspection wells: water saving, land saving, material saving and energy saving. At the same time, waste materials can be recycled and their service life is long, at least 50 years.
传统砖砌检查井：砖砌检查井在制砖时耗费能源，耗费水资源，耗费良田，同时污染环境。
Traditional brick inspection wells: Brick inspection wells consume energy in building bricks, consume water resources, consume fertile fields, and pollute the environment.
4、工程性能
4. Engineering performance
（1）施工条件
(1) construction conditions
塑料检查井：不受任何气候、环境影响，在没有冬季的非洲地区，更适合采用，可全天施工。
Plastic inspection wells: without any climate or environmental impact, it is more suitable for Africa without winter, and can be built all day.
砖砌检查井：受气候影响比较大，在下雨、高温和严寒气候都不宜施工。
Brick inspection well: affected by climate is relatively large, in rainy, high temperature and cold climate is not suitable for construction.
（2）施工速度（以2人为标准）
(2) construction speed (with a standard of 2)
塑料检查井：可以完成20个/天的检查井施工。
Plastic inspection well: 20 / day inspection wells can be completed.
砖砌检查井：可以完成1座/天的检查井施工。
Brick inspection well: the construction of inspection wells for 1 seats / days can be completed.
（3）安全性
(3) security
塑料检查井：塑料检查井的疏通方式采用专用的清通工具，安全性能好，无需下井疏通，避免作业人员沼气中毒。不下井操作，塑料检查井井筒为管材，不存在砖砌检查井砌体砌筑时下井粉刷操作工序。
Plastic inspection well: the dredging method of the plastic inspection well adopts a special clearing tool, which has good safety performance and no need for downhole dredging, so as to avoid the operator's marsh gas poisoning. Without the operation of the well, the shaft of the plastic inspection well is a pipe, and there is no operation procedure for the well under the brick masonry.
砖砌检查井：需下井疏通，每年都有因作业人员下井疏通引起沼气中毒事故，安全性能差。
Brick inspection well: it is necessary to dredge the well. Every year there is a methane poisoning accident caused by the downhole dredging of the workers, and the safety performance is poor.
（4）材料性能和密封性
(4) material properties and sealing properties
塑料检查井：塑料检查井采用高分子材料，具有耐腐蚀性，连接时采用柔性承插连接，这种连接安装时采用弹性密封圈，密封性能好，能适应一定程度的沉降，具有抗沉降能力，避免渗漏，可防止污水因渗漏二次污染地下水。
Plastic inspection well: plastic inspection well adopts high polymer material, corrosion resistance, flexible socket connection when connecting, this connection adopts elastic sealing ring, sealing performance is good, can adapt to a certain degree of settlement, have anti settlement ability, avoid leakage, and prevent the sewage from leakage two times to pollute ground water.
砖砌检查井：这种检查井对酸碱的耐腐蚀性较差，检查井和管道连接采用刚性连接，刚性连接抗沉降能力差，当发生沉降时易造成管道与检查井之间出现缝隙，从而造成渗漏，造成污水二次污染地下水。
Brick inspection well: this kind of inspection well has poor corrosion resistance to acid and base, rigid connection is used in inspection well and pipe connection, and the anti settlement ability of rigid connection is poor. When the settlement occurs, there is a gap between the pipe and the inspection well, which causes leakage, causing two polluted water in the sewage.
（5）排水能力和维护清通
(5) drainage capacity and maintenance of clearing
塑料检查井：塑料检查井排污能力是砖砌井的2倍，可减小设计通经，由于排污能力较强，所以在维护清理时比较简单方便。
Plastic inspection well: plastic inspection well discharge capacity is 2 times the brick well, can reduce the design of the general meridian, because the pollution capacity is stronger, so it is easier and convenient to maintain and clean up.
砖砌检查井：由于砖砌井检查井采用水泥砂浆抹灰，其阻力较大，不利于排水，在维护清理时，通常要清理杂砖杂物，需不定期维护清通，清通复杂。
Brick masonry inspection well: because the brick well inspection well uses cement mortar plastering, its resistance is large, it is not conducive to drainage. In the maintenance and cleaning, it is usually necessary to clean up the impurity of the mixed brick.
（6）需要的作业面
(6) the required surface
塑料检查井：由于塑料检查井排管比较紧凑，在塑料检查井施工时，无需大面积开挖，占地面积小，节省开挖费用。
Plastic inspection well: due to the compact tube of plastic inspection wells, in the construction of plastic inspection wells, there is no need for large area excavation, small area, and save the cost of excavation.
砖砌检查井：通常施工时需要大面积开挖，以方便砌筑，施工操作面大，不利于狭小空间的施工。
Brick inspection well: large area excavation is usually required during construction, so as to facilitate brickwork, and the construction operation surface is large, which is not conducive to the construction of narrow space.
Application and construction of plastic inspection well
检查井是用于雨污水排放管道的附属构筑物，是便于定期检查和疏通管道，防止管道堵塞的必要设施。
The inspection well is an auxiliary structure for the drainage pipeline of rainwater and sewage. It is a necessary facility for regular inspection and dredging of pipelines and prevention of pipeline blockage.
传统砖砌检查井的施工方法是用砖块砌筑井体，然后将管道插入井体并用水泥砂浆填补井管接口处。该工艺落后，施工效率低，连接效果差会导致严重渗漏、泄漏，并违背了标准化原则。
The construction method of traditional brick inspection wells is to block the well body with bricks, then insert the pipe into the well body and fill the interface of the well pipe with cement mortar. The technology is backward, the construction efficiency is low, and the poor connection results will cause serious leakage and leakage, and violates the standardization principle.
一、塑料检查井的适用范围
The scope of application of plastic inspection wells
1、建筑小区（居住区、公共建筑区、厂区等）范围内埋地塑料排水管道外径不大于800mm、埋设深度不大于6m、不下井操作的塑料排水检查井工程的设计、施工和维护保养。
1. The design, construction and maintenance of the plastic drainage pipe in the residential area (residential area, public building area, factory area and so on) is not more than 800mm, the buried depth is not more than 6m, and the plastic drainage inspection project is not under the operation of the well.
2、一般土质、软土土质、季节性冻土土质和湿陷性黄土土质条件下的塑料排水检查井施工。
2. Construction of plastic drainage well for general soil, soft soil, seasonal frozen soil and collapsible loess soil.
3、抗震设防裂度为9度及9度以下的地区。
3. The area with 9 degrees of seismic fortification and below 9 degrees.
4、一般车道的地面荷载按汽车总重15t（后轮压5t）；消防车道的地面荷载按汽车总重30t（后轮压6t）设计。
4, the ground load of general lanes is 15t according to vehicle gross weight (rear wheel pressure 5T); the ground load of fire lane is designed according to vehicle gross weight 30t (rear wheel pressure 6T).
5、地下水位按地面下不高于1.0m设计。
5. The groundwater level is not more than 1.0m under the ground.
二、塑料检查井的组成
Two, the composition of the plastic inspection well
检查井由井座、井筒和井盖及其配件组成。
The inspection well is composed of a well seat, a wellbore and a well cover and its accessories.
1、井座材料一般以聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）等高分子树脂为主；
1. The material of well seat is mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and other polymer resins.
2、井筒一般宜采用成品埋地塑料管材，其管材需符合下列要求：
2. Wellbore generally should be finished with buried plastic pipes, and the pipes should meet the following requirements:
（1）井筒管材的环刚度应大于等于4KN/m2;
(1) the ring stiffness of wellbore pipes should be greater than or equal to 4KN/m2.
（2）井筒材料应符合GB/T 10002.3、GB/T 18477.1、GB/T 19472.2和EN 1398.1(外径系列)标准的要求。
(2) wellbore materials should meet the requirements of GB/T 10002.3, GB/T 18477.1, GB/T 19472.2 and EN 1398.1 (outer diameter series) standards.
3、井盖材料主要以PVC塑料树脂、热塑性树脂（PE、PP、ABS等）和碳酸钙、粉煤灰、矿渣为主要原料，再添加一定的助剂。
3, the main materials are PVC plastic resin, thermoplastic resin (PE, PP, ABS, etc.) and calcium carbonate, fly ash and slag as the main raw materials, and then some additives are added.
三、塑料检查井与传统砖砌井的比较
Three, comparison between plastic inspection well and traditional brick masonry
1、制作工艺
1. Production process
塑料检查井：以高分子树脂为原料，工厂预制生产，一次注塑成型，质量稳定可控。
Plastic inspection well: using polymer resin as raw material, factory precast production, one injection molding, stable and controllable quality.
传统砖砌检查井：以粘土实心砖、水泥、黄砂为材料，现场手工制作。
Traditional brick inspection wells: clay solid bricks, cement, yellow sand as materials, on-site hand-made.
3、节能环保
3, energy saving and environmental protection
塑料检查井：节水、节地、节材、节能，同时废旧材料可循环利用，使用寿命长，至少50年；
Plastic inspection wells: water saving, land saving, material saving and energy saving. At the same time, waste materials can be recycled and their service life is long, at least 50 years.
传统砖砌检查井：砖砌检查井在制砖时耗费能源，耗费水资源，耗费良田，同时污染环境。
Traditional brick inspection wells: Brick inspection wells consume energy in building bricks, consume water resources, consume fertile fields, and pollute the environment.
4、工程性能
4. Engineering performance
（1）施工条件
(1) construction conditions
塑料检查井：不受任何气候、环境影响，在没有冬季的非洲地区，更适合采用，可全天施工。
Plastic inspection wells: without any climate or environmental impact, it is more suitable for Africa without winter, and can be built all day.
砖砌检查井：受气候影响比较大，在下雨、高温和严寒气候都不宜施工。
Brick inspection well: affected by climate is relatively large, in rainy, high temperature and cold climate is not suitable for construction.
（2）施工速度（以2人为标准）
(2) construction speed (with a standard of 2)
塑料检查井：可以完成20个/天的检查井施工。
Plastic inspection well: 20 / day inspection wells can be completed.
砖砌检查井：可以完成1座/天的检查井施工。
Brick inspection well: the construction of inspection wells for 1 seats / days can be completed.
（3）安全性
(3) security
塑料检查井：塑料检查井的疏通方式采用专用的清通工具，安全性能好，无需下井疏通，避免作业人员沼气中毒。不下井操作，塑料检查井井筒为管材，不存在砖砌检查井砌体砌筑时下井粉刷操作工序。
Plastic inspection well: the dredging method of the plastic inspection well adopts a special clearing tool, which has good safety performance and no need for downhole dredging, so as to avoid the operator's marsh gas poisoning. Without the operation of the well, the shaft of the plastic inspection well is a pipe, and there is no operation procedure for the well under the brick masonry.
砖砌检查井：需下井疏通，每年都有因作业人员下井疏通引起沼气中毒事故，安全性能差。
Brick inspection well: it is necessary to dredge the well. Every year there is a methane poisoning accident caused by the downhole dredging of the workers, and the safety performance is poor.
（4）材料性能和密封性
(4) material properties and sealing properties
塑料检查井：塑料检查井采用高分子材料，具有耐腐蚀性，连接时采用柔性承插连接，这种连接安装时采用弹性密封圈，密封性能好，能适应一定程度的沉降，具有抗沉降能力，避免渗漏，可防止污水因渗漏二次污染地下水。
Plastic inspection well: plastic inspection well adopts high polymer material, corrosion resistance, flexible socket connection when connecting, this connection adopts elastic sealing ring, sealing performance is good, can adapt to a certain degree of settlement, have anti settlement ability, avoid leakage, and prevent the sewage from leakage two times to pollute ground water.
砖砌检查井：这种检查井对酸碱的耐腐蚀性较差，检查井和管道连接采用刚性连接，刚性连接抗沉降能力差，当发生沉降时易造成管道与检查井之间出现缝隙，从而造成渗漏，造成污水二次污染地下水。
Brick inspection well: this kind of inspection well has poor corrosion resistance to acid and base, rigid connection is used in inspection well and pipe connection, and the anti settlement ability of rigid connection is poor. When the settlement occurs, there is a gap between the pipe and the inspection well, which causes leakage, causing two polluted water in the sewage.
（5）排水能力和维护清通
(5) drainage capacity and maintenance of clearing
塑料检查井：塑料检查井排污能力是砖砌井的2倍，可减小设计通经，由于排污能力较强，所以在维护清理时比较简单方便。
Plastic inspection well: plastic inspection well discharge capacity is 2 times the brick well, can reduce the design of the general meridian, because the pollution capacity is stronger, so it is easier and convenient to maintain and clean up.
砖砌检查井：由于砖砌井检查井采用水泥砂浆抹灰，其阻力较大，不利于排水，在维护清理时，通常要清理杂砖杂物，需不定期维护清通，清通复杂。
Brick masonry inspection well: because the brick well inspection well uses cement mortar plastering, its resistance is large, it is not conducive to drainage. In the maintenance and cleaning, it is usually necessary to clean up the impurity of the mixed brick.
（6）需要的作业面
(6) the required surface
塑料检查井：由于塑料检查井排管比较紧凑，在塑料检查井施工时，无需大面积开挖，占地面积小，节省开挖费用。
Plastic inspection well: due to the compact tube of plastic inspection wells, in the construction of plastic inspection wells, there is no need for large area excavation, small area, and save the cost of excavation.
砖砌检查井：通常施工时需要大面积开挖，以方便砌筑，施工操作面大，不利于狭小空间的施工。
Brick inspection well: large area excavation is usually required during construction, so as to facilitate brickwork, and the construction operation surface is large, which is not conducive to the construction of narrow space.
