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排水用塑料检查井行业及技术发展概况
1. 排水用塑料检查井概述
Summary of 1. plastic inspection wells for drainage
1.1 排水用塑料检查井的定义
Definition of 1.1 plastic inspection wells for drainage
排水用检查井是城市地下排水排污管道系统中连接管道的井状构筑物，设置在管道交汇处、转弯处、管径或坡度改变处、跌水的地方或直线管段上每隔一定距离处，是管网系统检查和疏通、防止管道堵塞的必要设施，在管网系统不可或缺。
Drainage inspection well is the city underground drainage well shaped pipeline to connect the pipeline system in the building, set in the pipeline interchange, turning diameter, or change, or the local slope straight pipe section on every drop at a certain distance, is a network system to check and prevent blockage of the pipeline dredge and necessary facilities, in an network system.
排水用塑料检查井指采用高分子材料制成，用于排水排污的检查井。它属于预制井，替代传统的砖砌检查井，通常由井盖、井筒、偏置收口、井座以及相关配件组合而成。井座是塑料检查井的核心部件。图1、图2分别是建筑小区排水用塑料检查井和市政排水用塑料检查井示意图。
A plastic inspection well for drainage, which is made of high molecular material and used to drain sewage. It belongs to the prefabricated wells, to replace the traditional brick inspection wells, usually composed of a manhole cover, shaft, shaft offset closing, and related parts assembly. The well is the core part of the plastic inspection well. Figures 1 and 2 are the schematic diagrams of plastic inspection wells for the drainage of buildings and plastic inspection wells for municipal drainage.
[clip_image002.jpg]
[clip_image002.jpg]
图1 建筑小区排水用塑料检查井示意图
Figure 1 a schematic diagram of a plastic check well for drainage in a residential district
[图片1.jpg]
[picture 1.jpg]
图2 市政排水用塑料检查井示意图
Figure 2 a schematic diagram of a plastic inspection well for municipal drainage
1.2 排水用塑料检查井的分类
Classification of 1.2 plastic inspection wells for drainage
排水用塑料检查井规格多、种类多。按井座型式可分为流槽式检查井（见图3）与沉泥室检查井（见图4）。流槽式检查井主要设置于污水管网，沉泥室检查井主要设置于雨水管网。按制造工艺主要分为注塑井、滚塑井、焊接井等。按使用场合主要分为建筑小区排水检查井、市政排水检查井、农村截污排水检查井等。按井盖承压形式可为非分离式井（图3a、图4a）和分离式井（图3b、图4b）。按井筒的形式可分为直壁式检查井（图3a、图4a）、收口型检查井（图3b、图 4 b）管件井。管件井由塑料管材焊接而成。按井的功能可分为通用井和专用井。专用井有跌水井、水封井等。
The drainage plastic inspection well has many specifications and many kinds. According to a well seat type can be divided into the trough inspection wells (see Figure 3) to check with the heavy mud room well (see Figure 4). Trough inspection wells is mainly arranged in the sewage pipe network, sludge chamber inspection wells is mainly arranged in the rainwater pipe network. According to the manufacturing process mainly divided into injection wells, wells, wells and other plastic welding. According to the situation, it is mainly divided into the drainage inspection well, the municipal drainage inspection well and the rural sewage and drainage inspection well. According to the bearing pressure of the well cover, the non separated wells (FIGS. 3a, figure 4a) and separate wells (Figure 3B, figure 4b) are available. According to the wellbore forms can be divided into straight wall inspection wells (Figure 3a, 4a), closing type inspection wells (Fig. 3b, FIG. 4 b) tube wells. The pipe well is welded by plastic pipe. According to the function of the well, it can be divided into general well and special well. The special well has the well, the water seal and so on.
[3.jpg]
[3.jpg]
[1.1.png]
[1.1.png]
[4.jpg]
[4.jpg]
[1.2.png]
[1.2.png]
1.3 塑料检查井主要优点
The main advantages of 1.3 plastic inspection wells
检查井是重要的城市地下基础设施建设部件，与埋地管道相连接。我国自20世纪90年代起，在室外排水工程采用塑料排水管道的比例逐年增大，目前塑料排水管道已在室外排水工程中占据主要位置。然而由于塑料排水检查井研发滞后，许多工程为塑料排水管道配套砖砌检查井，致使系统不配套。砖砌排水用检查井与塑料管道之间接口、砖砌检查井自身的渗漏及土壤缝隙水的渗入已经成为排水系统的顽疾。
The inspection well is an important part of the urban underground infrastructure construction, which is connected with the buried pipeline. Since 1990s, the proportion of plastic drainage pipes in outdoor drainage works has increased year by year. Currently, plastic drainage pipes have occupied the main position in outdoor drainage works. However, because of the lag of the research and development of the plastic drainage inspection well, many projects are supporting the brick inspection well for the plastic drainage pipeline, which causes the system not to be matched. The interface between the inspection well and the plastic pipe, the leakage of the brick inspection well and the infiltration of the crevice water of the soil have become a stubborn disease of the drainage system.
砖砌排水检查井的施工方法是用烧制砖块堆砌主体，然后将管道插入井体并用水泥砂浆填补井管接口。该工艺由人工砌筑，质量不易控制，在井与埋地塑料管道连接处采用水泥砂浆包覆，这种刚性连接极易漏水。有的污水砖砌井内表面甚至不做防腐处理，因而减少了井的使用寿命。
The construction method of the brick drainage inspection well is to use the brick to fill the main body, then insert the pipe into the well body and fill the well pipe interface with cement mortar. The process is artificially built, and the quality is not easy to control. The cement mortar is covered with cement mortar at the junction of the well and the buried plastic pipe. This rigid connection is very easy to leak. Some of the inner surface of the brickwork well does not even do anticorrosion treatment, thus reducing the service life of the well.
塑料检查井具有质轻、安装便捷、施工高效、优越的水密封性、运营费用低、使用寿命长等优点，逐步被市场与用户认知接受，尤其是在国家相关政策的引导下，塑料检查井逐步得到了很好的推广应用。表1为塑料检查井与砖砌检查井的性能对比，由此可见塑料检查井的优势。
Plastic inspection wells has the advantages of light weight, convenient installation, construction efficiency, superior water tightness, has the advantages of low cost, long service life, gradually by the market and users' cognitive acceptance, especially under the guidance of relevant state policies, plastic inspection wells have been gradually popularized very well. Table 1 is the comparison of the performance of the plastic inspection well and the brick inspection well. This shows the advantages of the plastic inspection well.
表1 塑料检查井与砖砌检查井的优势对比
Table 1 Comparison of advantages of plastic inspection wells and brick inspection wells
比较项目
Comparison project
塑料检查井
Plastic inspection well
砖砌检查井
Brick inspection well
1 施工速度
1 construction speed
施工速度快，安装一座塑料井用不到1h
The construction speed is fast, and the installation of a plastic well is less than 1h
施工速度慢，砌筑一座井，包括混凝土基础及水泥养生需要1～2天
The construction speed is slow, building a well, including the concrete foundation and the cement health needs 1~2 days
2 防渗性能
2 anti-seepage performance
防渗性能佳，不会污染地下水，不会增加外来水量
Good anti-seepage performance, no pollution of groundwater, no increase of foreign water
墙体容易渗漏，塑料管与检查井的接口处底部更容易渗漏
The wall is easy to leak, and the bottom of the plastic pipe and the check well is more easy to leak at the bottom.
3 排水能力
3 drainage capacity
有水流导向的光滑大圆弧流槽，几乎没有水头损失
A smooth circular groove guide flow, almost no loss
表面粗糙，水头损失大
Rough surface, large head loss
4 井壁清洁
4 well wall cleaning
井壁清洁，不易粘结上泥垢，即使粘有泥垢也容易清除
The wall is clean, not easy to bond on dirt, even sticky dirt easily removed
井壁容易粘结泥垢，清除困难
The wall is easy to bond dirt, difficult to remove
5 连接方式
5 connection mode
柔性连接，安装速度快，密封性好，可适应少量沉降
Flexible connection, fast installation, good sealing, suitable for a small amount of settlement
刚性连接，无法承受沉降变形；沉降后会加大渗漏甚至管道破裂
Rigid connection, unable to withstand settlement deformation; after settlement, it will increase leakage or even pipe rupture.
6 耐腐蚀性
6 corrosion resistance
耐腐蚀性佳，能有效抵御酸碱废水和硫化氢气体造成的井体腐蚀
It has good corrosion resistance and can effectively resist well corrosion caused by acid base wastewater and hydrogen sulfide gas
水泥砂浆容易受酸碱腐蚀、剥落，水泥抹面剥落后渗漏愈加严重
Cement mortar is susceptible to corrosion and spalling, more serious leakage of cement plaster after spalling
7 运输损耗
7 transport loss
自重轻，便于搬运，贮运损耗低
Light self weight, easy to carry, low storage and transportation loss
所用砖块、水泥、及黄沙的重量约为塑料井的20倍，贮运损耗大
The weight of the bricks, cement and yellow sand is about 20 times that of the plastic well, and the loss of storage and transportation is great.
8 开挖土方
8 excavation of earthwork
沟槽开挖范围小，减少土方量，便于在狭小场合施工
The trench has a small excavation range, reduces the earthwork and is convenient for construction in a narrow and small situation.
沟槽开挖范围宽，土方量大，难于在狭小场合施工
The trench has a wide range of excavation and large earthwork, which is difficult to be constructed in a narrow and small situation.
9 堆料占地
9 heaps of material
无需占用堆料及拌合场地
No need to occupy the heap and the mixing site
砖块、黄沙占用堆场，水泥占用仓库，砂浆拌合还需场地
Brick, yellow sand occupied the yard, cement occupied the warehouse, mortar mixing still need field
10 文明施工
10 civilization construction
现场不再堆放砖块、砂浆。可减少施工时对周围环境和行人的影响
Bricks and mortar are no longer stacked at the site. Reduce the impact of construction on the surrounding environment and pedestrians
施工周期长，现场堆放砖块、砂浆。影响周围环境和行人通行
The construction period is long, and the bricks and mortar are stacked at the site. Influence the surrounding environment and pedestrian passage
11 施工条件
11 construction conditions
可全天候施工
All-weather construction
遇到雨天、雪天不能施工
Rain and snow can not meet the construction
12 使用寿命
12 service life
材质本身抗腐蚀，整体性能稳定，使用寿命长
The material itself is corrosion-resistant, the whole performance is stable, and the service life is long
材质不耐酸碱，长期使用易腐蚀，缩短井的寿命
The material is not resistant to acid and alkali, it is easy to corrosion for a long time and shortens the life of the well.
13 回收利用
13 recovery and utilization
可回收循环利用
Recyclable recycling
不可回
Non return
Summary of 1. plastic inspection wells for drainage
1.1 排水用塑料检查井的定义
Definition of 1.1 plastic inspection wells for drainage
排水用检查井是城市地下排水排污管道系统中连接管道的井状构筑物，设置在管道交汇处、转弯处、管径或坡度改变处、跌水的地方或直线管段上每隔一定距离处，是管网系统检查和疏通、防止管道堵塞的必要设施，在管网系统不可或缺。
Drainage inspection well is the city underground drainage well shaped pipeline to connect the pipeline system in the building, set in the pipeline interchange, turning diameter, or change, or the local slope straight pipe section on every drop at a certain distance, is a network system to check and prevent blockage of the pipeline dredge and necessary facilities, in an network system.
排水用塑料检查井指采用高分子材料制成，用于排水排污的检查井。它属于预制井，替代传统的砖砌检查井，通常由井盖、井筒、偏置收口、井座以及相关配件组合而成。井座是塑料检查井的核心部件。图1、图2分别是建筑小区排水用塑料检查井和市政排水用塑料检查井示意图。
A plastic inspection well for drainage, which is made of high molecular material and used to drain sewage. It belongs to the prefabricated wells, to replace the traditional brick inspection wells, usually composed of a manhole cover, shaft, shaft offset closing, and related parts assembly. The well is the core part of the plastic inspection well. Figures 1 and 2 are the schematic diagrams of plastic inspection wells for the drainage of buildings and plastic inspection wells for municipal drainage.
[clip_image002.jpg]
[clip_image002.jpg]
图1 建筑小区排水用塑料检查井示意图
Figure 1 a schematic diagram of a plastic check well for drainage in a residential district
[图片1.jpg]
[picture 1.jpg]
图2 市政排水用塑料检查井示意图
Figure 2 a schematic diagram of a plastic inspection well for municipal drainage
1.2 排水用塑料检查井的分类
Classification of 1.2 plastic inspection wells for drainage
排水用塑料检查井规格多、种类多。按井座型式可分为流槽式检查井（见图3）与沉泥室检查井（见图4）。流槽式检查井主要设置于污水管网，沉泥室检查井主要设置于雨水管网。按制造工艺主要分为注塑井、滚塑井、焊接井等。按使用场合主要分为建筑小区排水检查井、市政排水检查井、农村截污排水检查井等。按井盖承压形式可为非分离式井（图3a、图4a）和分离式井（图3b、图4b）。按井筒的形式可分为直壁式检查井（图3a、图4a）、收口型检查井（图3b、图 4 b）管件井。管件井由塑料管材焊接而成。按井的功能可分为通用井和专用井。专用井有跌水井、水封井等。
The drainage plastic inspection well has many specifications and many kinds. According to a well seat type can be divided into the trough inspection wells (see Figure 3) to check with the heavy mud room well (see Figure 4). Trough inspection wells is mainly arranged in the sewage pipe network, sludge chamber inspection wells is mainly arranged in the rainwater pipe network. According to the manufacturing process mainly divided into injection wells, wells, wells and other plastic welding. According to the situation, it is mainly divided into the drainage inspection well, the municipal drainage inspection well and the rural sewage and drainage inspection well. According to the bearing pressure of the well cover, the non separated wells (FIGS. 3a, figure 4a) and separate wells (Figure 3B, figure 4b) are available. According to the wellbore forms can be divided into straight wall inspection wells (Figure 3a, 4a), closing type inspection wells (Fig. 3b, FIG. 4 b) tube wells. The pipe well is welded by plastic pipe. According to the function of the well, it can be divided into general well and special well. The special well has the well, the water seal and so on.
[3.jpg]
[3.jpg]
[1.1.png]
[1.1.png]
[4.jpg]
[4.jpg]
[1.2.png]
[1.2.png]
1.3 塑料检查井主要优点
The main advantages of 1.3 plastic inspection wells
检查井是重要的城市地下基础设施建设部件，与埋地管道相连接。我国自20世纪90年代起，在室外排水工程采用塑料排水管道的比例逐年增大，目前塑料排水管道已在室外排水工程中占据主要位置。然而由于塑料排水检查井研发滞后，许多工程为塑料排水管道配套砖砌检查井，致使系统不配套。砖砌排水用检查井与塑料管道之间接口、砖砌检查井自身的渗漏及土壤缝隙水的渗入已经成为排水系统的顽疾。
The inspection well is an important part of the urban underground infrastructure construction, which is connected with the buried pipeline. Since 1990s, the proportion of plastic drainage pipes in outdoor drainage works has increased year by year. Currently, plastic drainage pipes have occupied the main position in outdoor drainage works. However, because of the lag of the research and development of the plastic drainage inspection well, many projects are supporting the brick inspection well for the plastic drainage pipeline, which causes the system not to be matched. The interface between the inspection well and the plastic pipe, the leakage of the brick inspection well and the infiltration of the crevice water of the soil have become a stubborn disease of the drainage system.
砖砌排水检查井的施工方法是用烧制砖块堆砌主体，然后将管道插入井体并用水泥砂浆填补井管接口。该工艺由人工砌筑，质量不易控制，在井与埋地塑料管道连接处采用水泥砂浆包覆，这种刚性连接极易漏水。有的污水砖砌井内表面甚至不做防腐处理，因而减少了井的使用寿命。
The construction method of the brick drainage inspection well is to use the brick to fill the main body, then insert the pipe into the well body and fill the well pipe interface with cement mortar. The process is artificially built, and the quality is not easy to control. The cement mortar is covered with cement mortar at the junction of the well and the buried plastic pipe. This rigid connection is very easy to leak. Some of the inner surface of the brickwork well does not even do anticorrosion treatment, thus reducing the service life of the well.
塑料检查井具有质轻、安装便捷、施工高效、优越的水密封性、运营费用低、使用寿命长等优点，逐步被市场与用户认知接受，尤其是在国家相关政策的引导下，塑料检查井逐步得到了很好的推广应用。表1为塑料检查井与砖砌检查井的性能对比，由此可见塑料检查井的优势。
Plastic inspection wells has the advantages of light weight, convenient installation, construction efficiency, superior water tightness, has the advantages of low cost, long service life, gradually by the market and users' cognitive acceptance, especially under the guidance of relevant state policies, plastic inspection wells have been gradually popularized very well. Table 1 is the comparison of the performance of the plastic inspection well and the brick inspection well. This shows the advantages of the plastic inspection well.
表1 塑料检查井与砖砌检查井的优势对比
Table 1 Comparison of advantages of plastic inspection wells and brick inspection wells
比较项目
Comparison project
塑料检查井
Plastic inspection well
砖砌检查井
Brick inspection well
1 施工速度
1 construction speed
施工速度快，安装一座塑料井用不到1h
The construction speed is fast, and the installation of a plastic well is less than 1h
施工速度慢，砌筑一座井，包括混凝土基础及水泥养生需要1～2天
The construction speed is slow, building a well, including the concrete foundation and the cement health needs 1~2 days
2 防渗性能
2 anti-seepage performance
防渗性能佳，不会污染地下水，不会增加外来水量
Good anti-seepage performance, no pollution of groundwater, no increase of foreign water
墙体容易渗漏，塑料管与检查井的接口处底部更容易渗漏
The wall is easy to leak, and the bottom of the plastic pipe and the check well is more easy to leak at the bottom.
3 排水能力
3 drainage capacity
有水流导向的光滑大圆弧流槽，几乎没有水头损失
A smooth circular groove guide flow, almost no loss
表面粗糙，水头损失大
Rough surface, large head loss
4 井壁清洁
4 well wall cleaning
井壁清洁，不易粘结上泥垢，即使粘有泥垢也容易清除
The wall is clean, not easy to bond on dirt, even sticky dirt easily removed
井壁容易粘结泥垢，清除困难
The wall is easy to bond dirt, difficult to remove
5 连接方式
5 connection mode
柔性连接，安装速度快，密封性好，可适应少量沉降
Flexible connection, fast installation, good sealing, suitable for a small amount of settlement
刚性连接，无法承受沉降变形；沉降后会加大渗漏甚至管道破裂
Rigid connection, unable to withstand settlement deformation; after settlement, it will increase leakage or even pipe rupture.
6 耐腐蚀性
6 corrosion resistance
耐腐蚀性佳，能有效抵御酸碱废水和硫化氢气体造成的井体腐蚀
It has good corrosion resistance and can effectively resist well corrosion caused by acid base wastewater and hydrogen sulfide gas
水泥砂浆容易受酸碱腐蚀、剥落，水泥抹面剥落后渗漏愈加严重
Cement mortar is susceptible to corrosion and spalling, more serious leakage of cement plaster after spalling
7 运输损耗
7 transport loss
自重轻，便于搬运，贮运损耗低
Light self weight, easy to carry, low storage and transportation loss
所用砖块、水泥、及黄沙的重量约为塑料井的20倍，贮运损耗大
The weight of the bricks, cement and yellow sand is about 20 times that of the plastic well, and the loss of storage and transportation is great.
8 开挖土方
8 excavation of earthwork
沟槽开挖范围小，减少土方量，便于在狭小场合施工
The trench has a small excavation range, reduces the earthwork and is convenient for construction in a narrow and small situation.
沟槽开挖范围宽，土方量大，难于在狭小场合施工
The trench has a wide range of excavation and large earthwork, which is difficult to be constructed in a narrow and small situation.
9 堆料占地
9 heaps of material
无需占用堆料及拌合场地
No need to occupy the heap and the mixing site
砖块、黄沙占用堆场，水泥占用仓库，砂浆拌合还需场地
Brick, yellow sand occupied the yard, cement occupied the warehouse, mortar mixing still need field
10 文明施工
10 civilization construction
现场不再堆放砖块、砂浆。可减少施工时对周围环境和行人的影响
Bricks and mortar are no longer stacked at the site. Reduce the impact of construction on the surrounding environment and pedestrians
施工周期长，现场堆放砖块、砂浆。影响周围环境和行人通行
The construction period is long, and the bricks and mortar are stacked at the site. Influence the surrounding environment and pedestrian passage
11 施工条件
11 construction conditions
可全天候施工
All-weather construction
遇到雨天、雪天不能施工
Rain and snow can not meet the construction
12 使用寿命
12 service life
材质本身抗腐蚀，整体性能稳定，使用寿命长
The material itself is corrosion-resistant, the whole performance is stable, and the service life is long
材质不耐酸碱，长期使用易腐蚀，缩短井的寿命
The material is not resistant to acid and alkali, it is easy to corrosion for a long time and shortens the life of the well.
13 回收利用
13 recovery and utilization
可回收循环利用
Recyclable recycling
不可回
Non return
